Advancements and Challenges of Afghan Women in the Educational Process over the Past Decade
Over the past decade, Afghan women, despite significant challenges, particularly in the realm of education, have achieved notable progress through both individual and collective efforts, supported by national and international organizations. This upward trajectory continued until 2021, when many girls gained access to schools and universities. However, with the return of the Taliban, women’s educational opportunities became subject to severe restrictions and prohibitions, drastically reducing access to in-person learning. Despite these constraints, Afghan women demonstrated resilience by organizing protests and pursuing alternative pathways to education, including online programs.
This study examines the educational progress and barriers experienced by Afghan women over the past ten years, both prior to and following 2021. The research adopts a qualitative design, utilizing library-based methods and document analysis within a case study framework.
The findings reveal that before 2021, Afghan women encountered comparatively fewer obstacles in education and were able to secure substantial achievements, as reflected in the increasing number of girls attending schools and universities. Only a small proportion of girls in remote provinces under Taliban influence remained excluded from higher education. Following the Taliban’s return in 2021, however, restrictions and prohibitions intensified, making educational continuation far more challenging. Nevertheless, with the support of domestic and international organizations, many girls sustained their learning through online courses and digital educational initiatives.
Keywords: Women, Education, Taliban, Restrictions, Online Education